Blood collection tubes are essential tools in clinical diagnostics, designed for the safe collection, preservation, and transport of blood samples to ensure accurate and reliable test results. These tubes are distinguished by the color of their caps, which indicates the type of additive contained and the intended testing application. Below are the common types and their uses:
Common Types and Applications
Red Top Tube:
No additives; used for serum tests such as biochemistry, immunology, and serology.
Gold/Tiger Top Tube:
Contains clot activator and gel for serum separation; used for hormone levels, metabolic panels, and immunology tests.
Light Blue Top Tube:
Contains 3.2% sodium citrate; used for coagulation studies like Prothrombin Time (PT) and Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT).
Green Top Tube:
Contains heparin (lithium or sodium); ideal for plasma tests such as electrolyte panels, ammonia levels, and arterial blood gases.
Lavender/Purple Top Tube:
Contains EDTA anticoagulant; widely used for hematology tests like Complete Blood Count (CBC) and blood smears.
Yellow Top Tube:
Contains Acid Citrate Dextrose (ACD) or Sodium Polyanethol Sulfonate (SPS); used for microbiology cultures, DNA testing, and tissue typing.
Royal Blue Top Tube:
Designed for trace element, toxicology, and heavy metal analysis; may contain EDTA, heparin, or no additives depending on testing requirements.
Each type of blood collection tube is engineered to meet specific testing needs, ensuring the integrity of samples and the accuracy of diagnostic results. Proper selection and usage are critical for effective clinical diagnosis and patient care.
